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Table 5 Circulating levels and prevalence $ (under/in/above reference range) of glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, insulin c-peptide, lipids, and HbA1c preoperatively and 12 months after LSG

From: Energy intake, nutritional status and weight reduction in patients one year after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

 

Preoperative

12 months postoperative

 

(N = 150)

(N = 125)

 

Median

Inter quartile range

Prevalence (%)

Median

Inter quartile range

Prevalence (%)

Glucose1, mmol/L

5.5

5.2–6.0

1/76/23

4.9**

4.7–5.3

1/92/7†

Insulin2, mU/L

9.0

6.1–13.7

24/74/2

3.3*

2.0–6.7

73/27/0†

Insulin c-peptide3, nmol/L

0.94

0.69–1.18

3/92/5

0.61*

0.51–0.84

10/90/0

HOMA-IRA4

2.3

1.5–3.4

39/42/19

0.7*

0.5–1.4

85/12/3†

HbA1cB 5, %

5.7

5.4–6.1

0/83/17

5.2*

5.0–5.5

0/96/4†

Total cholesterol6, mmol/L

5.0

4.4–5.8

6/84/10

5.0

4.4–5.6

2/95/3

HDL cholesterol7 , mmol/L

0.9

0.8–1.1

47/53/0

1.5*

1.3–1.7

2/98/0†

Triacylglycerol, mmol/L

1.97

1.31–2.61

1/75/24

0.95*

0.75–1.33

1/98/1†

  1. 1N = 137 preoperatively, 2 N = 145 preoperatively, 3 N = 146 preoperatively, 4 N = 135 preoperatively, 5 N = 133 preoperatively.
  2. 6N = 121 twelve months postoperatively, 7 N = 131 preoperatively.
  3. $Reference ranges used: Glucose 4.0-6.0 mmol/L; Insulin 6.0-27.0 mU/L; Insulin c-peptide 0.4-1.7 nmol/L; HOMA-IR <2 nmol as normal value, ≥ 2 nmol/L is pathological, > 4 reflecting the pre-diabetic stage; HbA1c 4.0-6.4%; Total cholesterol 18–29 yr: 2.9-6.1 mmol/L, 30–49 yr:3.3-6.9 mmol/L , ≥50 yr: 3.9-7.8 mmol/L; HDL cholesterol F: 1.0-2.7 mmol/L, M:0.8-2.1 mmol/L; Triacylglycerol 0.45-2.60 mmol/L.
  4. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for pair wise comparison was used to investigate changes over time.
  5. *significantly different from preoperatively (p < 0.001).
  6. NA not available.
  7. AHomeostasis model assessment – insulin resistance, prevalence shown as normal/pathological/pre-diabetic stage.
  8. BGlycated hemoglobin A1c.
  9. McNemar Test was used to compare the prevalence of values below normal reference range between pre and post surgery values.
  10. †significantly different from preoperatively (p < 0.005).
  11. ‡significantly different from preoperatively (p < 0.05).
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