Hot ambient conditions shift the Force / EMG relationship

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Table 1 Torque / EMG relationship responses to an increase in core and/or skin temperature

	Study 1		Study 2
	CON	HOT-core	CON	HOT-skin
Temperature responses
Core temperature (°C)	37.3 ±0.4	39.0 ±0.2*	-	-
Skin temperature - Soleus (°C)	28.8 ±0.4	39.8 ±0.9*	25.4 ±2.2	35.2 ±0.9*
Skin temperature - GM (°C)	30.1 ±0.4	39.8 ±0.7*	23.8 ±2.0	35.6 ±1.3*
Torque / RMS ratio (MVC)
Soleus (N.m.mV^-1)	472 ±260	638 ±327*	1297 ±443	1416 ±473*
GM (N.m.mV^-1)	245 ±135	299 ±168*	1405 ±931	1551 ±933*
Slope Torque/RMS relationship
Soleus (N.m.mV^-1)	576 ±283	768 ±204*	-	-
GM (N.m.mV^-1)	291 ±146	345 ±111*	-	-

CON: normo thermic control condition. HOT-core: passive hyperthermia in hot ambient conditions. HOT-skin: local modification of the skin temperature. RMS: Root Mean Square of the electromyographic signal. * p < 0.05.