Cardiovascular hemodynamic effects of Red Bull® Energy Drink during prolonged, simulated, monotonous driving

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Table 1 Summary of the study design

Group	Number of subjects	1^ststage	Reversal period	2^ndstage	Reversal period	3^rdstage
A	2	ND	2 or 3 days	Cont	2 or 3 days	RB
B	2	ND		RB		Cont
C	2	Cont		ND		RB
D	2	Cont		RB		ND
E	2	RB		ND		Cont
F	2	RB		Cont		ND

Note: The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 6 crossover trial with a three-stage, within-subjects design.
Note: ND = no test drink administered, Cont = placebo-controlled drink, RB = Red Bull® Energy Drink.