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Figure 1

From: Cardiovascular hemodynamic effects of Red Bull® Energy Drink during prolonged, simulated, monotonous driving

Figure 1

Summarized results of the effects of condition (RBED, placebo-control, and no drink) and period (0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 min) on cardiovascular variables and SRR. Note: RBED = Red Bull® Energy Drink; SD = standard deviation; SEM= standard error of the mean; MBP = mean blood pressure; CO = cardiac output; RR = electrocardiogram RR interval; TPR = total peripheral-vascular resistance; lnNPV = ln-normalized pulse volume; SRR = standard deviation of the steering-wheel reversal rate.

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