Key ecosystem SERVICES | Critical underlying ecosystem COMPONENTS | Critical underlying ecosystem PROCESSES | Three-zone model | New zonation |
---|---|---|---|---|
SUPPORTING | ||||
S1. Providing habitats for 23 resident and 46 migratory birds | 293 km2 shallow lake; | Hydrology: Freezing & melting | The habitat with most migratory birds (conservation target), were set as core zone | The habitat with most migratory birds (conservation target), were set as core zone. |
Habitat: Phragmites swamps | Primary production | |||
Predation | ||||
Salt marshes | Breeding | Considering ecological processes, such as hydrological regime, predation and breeding, etc. | ||
S2. Provides habitat for 11 aquatic fauna | 293 km2 shallow lake; Water chemistry | Hydrological regime | ||
S3 Provides habitat for several fishes and benthos | Habitats: Open water with Macrophytes | Hydrological regime | ||
Primary production of submerged plants | ||||
Water chemistry | ||||
REGULATING | ||||
S4. Water purification | Water chemistry – | Sedimentation, Connectivity | No special effort has been made | Risk-control zone was proposed to deal with external threats, such as over nutrient burden |
Nutrients, | ||||
Nutrient cycling, Carbon cycling, Oxidation reduction | ||||
Salinity & conductivity, | ||||
Sediment chemistry | ||||
S5. Climate change mitigation | Plant communities | Primary production | No consideration | Dynamic zoning allows harvest of plants as industrial materials. Harvest itself improves primary production |
Sedimentation | ||||
PROVISIONING | ||||
S6. Fishery production of 1000 tonnes each year | Water chemistry –Salinity, Nutrients, | Irrigation & drainage currents | In experimental zone, some sustainable activities is allowed, but far from enough, especially in winter, the harvest season | Dynamic zoning allow for the harvest of reeds and macrophytes |
Biota: Macrophytes | Biological reproduction | |||
S7.130,000 tonnes of reeds for industrial use | Biota: Phragmites | Primary production | ||
S8. Animal fodder | Biota: Macrophytes | Primary production | ||
CULTURAL | ||||
S9. Traditional harvesting and cultivation of fish and reed with historical and spiritual values | Fish: four major Chinese carp | Freezing & melting | All the harvest is forbidden in core and buffer zone according to Chinese Nature Conservation Law | Dynamic zoning allow tradtion reeds harvest, and fishing continues |
Biota: Phragmites | ||||
S10. The site contributes to eco-tourism such as bird watching and boating | Birds:240 species | Bird migration | Limited eco-tourism allowed at the experimental zone | Through dynamic zoning, there is more space for tourism and scientific research in winter. |
293km2 shallow lake | ||||
S11. The site is regionally important for scientific research and environment education | Birds: 240 species, mainly Migratory waterbirds and shorebirds. | Primary production | ||
Biological migration | ||||
Pollutant transmit within the lake |