In vitro interaction of Metarhizium anisopliae Ma9236 and Beauveria bassiana Bb9205 with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HNI0100 for the control of Plutella xylostella

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Table 1 Interaction of B. bassiana Bb9205 and M. anisopliae Ma9236 with H. bacteriophora HNI0100 on P. xylostella, at different application times of H. bacteriophora HNI0100 (0, 2, 4 and 6 days)

Test^a	Fungus^b	Observed mortality^c	Expected mortality^d	χ²	Interaction^e
Day 0	B.b	3	45.3	40.4	Antagonism
Day 0	M.a	2	42.5	38.6	Antagonism
Day 2	B.b	15	44.3	24.35	Antagonism
Day 2	M.a	10	41.5	22.33	Antagonism
Day 4	B.b	35	46.3	4.65	Antagonism
Day 4	M.a	25	45.5	5.58	Antagonism
Day 6	B.b	85	50.3	12.12	Synergy
Day 6	M.a	70	47.5	9.92	Synergy

^aInterval between application of entomopathogenic fungi and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
^bB.b, B. bassiana; M.a, M. anisopliae
^cMortality observed for the combination of the two control agents
^dExpected mortality (%) = P₀ + (1 − P₀) (P₁) + (1 − P₀) (1 − P₁) (P₂), where P₁ is mortality from nematodes alone, P₂ is mortality from other
^eInteraction based on the expected χ² and the observed mortality