Using genotoxic and haematological biomarkers as an evidence of environmental contamination in the Ocoa River native fish, Villavicencio—Meta, Colombia

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Table 4 Frequency of micronuclei, lobed, blebbed and notched nuclei and binucleated cells in peripheral blood of Astyanax gr. bimaculatus and Aequidens metae sampled in different sites of Ocoa River and a reference site (Negro River), Villavicencio—Meta, Colombia during dry and rainy season

Specie	Nuclear alteration	Dry				Rainy
Specie	Nuclear alteration	Site 1	Site 2	Site 3	Reference	Site 1	Site 2	Site 3	Reference
Astyanax gr. bimaculatus	MN	0.07 ± 0.01	0.28 ± 0.03*	0.35 ± 0.04*	0.12 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.27 ± 0.03*	0.36 ± 0.03*	0.09 ± 0.02
	Lobed	0.09 ± 0.02	0.37 ± 0.04*	0.44 ± 0.04*	0.09 ± 0.02	0.09 ± 0.01	0.42 ± 0.4*	0.51 ± 0.04*	0.11 ± 0.02
	Blebbed	0.11 ± 0.02	0.40 ± 0.03*	0.48 ± 0.04*	0.05 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.01	0.36 ± 0.04*	0.41 ± 0.04*	0.10 ± 0.01
	Notched	0.10 ± 0.02	0.66 ± 0.04*	0.71 ± 0.05*	0.07 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.01	0.73 ± 0.03*	0.74 ± 0.03*	0.11 ± 0.02
	Binucleated cell	0.08 ± 0.01	0.44 ± 0.04*	0.46 ± 0.05*	0.08 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.01	0.47 ± 0.04*	0.50 ± 0.05*	0.12 ± 0.01
Aequidens metae	MN	–	0.33 ± 0.02*	0.39 ± 0.01*	0.06 ± 0.01	–	0.36 ± 0.03*	0.37 ± 0.03*	0.09 ± 0.02
	Lobed	–	0.32 ± 0.02*	0.42 ± 0.02*	0.08 ± 0.01	–	0.41 ± 0.03*	0.44 ± 0.02*	0.09 ± 0.01
	Blebbed	–	0.34 ± 0.03*	0.41 ± 0.03*	0.07 ± 0.01	–	0.35 ± 0.03*	0.40 ± 0.01*	0.11 ± 0.02
	Notched	–	0.59 ± 0.03*	0.71 ± 0.03*	0.09 ± 0.02	–	0.74 ± 0.02*	0.70 ± 0.04*	0.08 ± 0.02
	Binucleated cell	–	0.38 ± 0.02*	0.40 ± 0.03*	0.12 ± 0.02	–	0.47 ± 0.04*	0.49 ± 0.03*	0.15 ± 0.03

* For the same season of year, asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the reference site and the monitoring sites. Site 1 (before entering the city), site 2 (where sewage from the city is dumped), site 3 (after the city and close to a landfill)