Immobilization of cellulase on a silica gel substrate modified using a 3-APTES self-assembled monolayer

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Table 2 Cellulase immobilization carriers, techniques, and reusability of the current work and other researches

Immobilization carrier	Immobilization technique	Reusability			Refs.
Immobilization carrier	Immobilization technique	Times	Time for each cycle	Residual activity (%)	Refs.
Sol–gel matrix	Sol–gel entrapment	6	24 h	20	Ungurean et al. (2013)
Sodium alginate gel beads	Sol–gel entrapment and crosslinking	7	N/A	58.37	Wang et al. (2015)
Functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes	Physical adsorption	8	30 min	26	Mubarak et al. (2014)
Ultrafine Eri silk microparticles	Physical adsorption	8	10 min	50	Verma et al. (2013)
Magnetic porous terpolymers	Covalent binding	6	30 min	48.2	Qi et al. (2015)
Magnetic graphene nanoplatelets	Covalent binding	4	1 h	55	Gokhale et al. (2013)
Magnetic nanoparticles	Covalent binding	6	30 min	40	Abraham et al. (2014)
Modified silica gel	Covalent binding	10	3 h	60	Current work