Table 4 Clinical characteristics of reported cases of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease occurring before the onset of connective tissue disease
Necrotising lymphadenitis predating connective tissue disease | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Country and reference | Age, gender | Connective tissue disease | Autoantibodies | Outcome |
Saudi Arabia (el-Ramahi et al. 1994) | 22Â year old Female | SLE after 5Â months | ANA, anti-Sm, anti-dsDNA, anti-Ro, anti-La. | Lymphadenitis resolved with corticosteroid therapy. |
Saudi Arabia (el-Ramahi et al. 1994) | 34Â year old Female | SLE after several months | ANA, anti dsDNA, anti-Sm | Not stated. |
Thailand (Sanpavat et al. 2006) | 28Â year old Female | SLE after 44Â weeks | ANA, anti-dsDNA | Lymphadenitis resolved with corticosteroid therapy. |
Spain (Paradela et al. 2008) | 17Â year old Female | SLE onset after 9Â months | ANA, anti-dsDNA | No life-threatening sequelae. |
Australia (Goldblatt et al. 2008) | 22Â year old Female | SLE after 3Â months | ANA, anti-Ro, anti-Sm at onset of SLE. | Complete remission with corticosteroid therapy. |
Australia (Goldblatt et al. 2008) | 39Â year old Female | SLE after 14Â months | ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-Ro, anti-Sm, anticardiolipin. | Complete remission with immunosuppression. |
Australia (Goldblatt et al. 2008) | 31Â year old Female | SLE after 6Â months | ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-Ro at onset of SLE | Treated with corticosteroids, azathioprine and hydroxychloroquine. 2Â years later, developed meningoencephalitis leading to a persistent neuro-vegetative state. |
Australia (Goldblatt et al. 2008) | 14Â year old Female | SLE after a few days | Anti-dsDNA at onset of SLE. | Complex clinical course with lupus nephritis. Eventual remission with B-cell depletion therapy. |
Spain (Alijotas-Reig et al. 2008) | 31Â year old Female | SLE after years. Lymphadenitis was pregnancy-associated and did not recur at onset of SLE. | ANA, anti-RNP, borderline anti-dsDNA at onset of SLE. | Persisting arthralgias and asthenia. |
Japan (Ogata et al. 2010) | 7Â year old Male | Mixed connective tissue disease after 2Â months | Weak anti-Ro, anti-La, anti-Sm, antiphospholipid and anti-RNP at onset of connective tissue disease | Complete remission with corticosteroid therapy. |
Japan (Ogata et al. 2010) | 6Â year old Female | SLE after 2Â years | ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, anti-RNP at onset of SLE. | Complete remission with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. |
Spain (Sopena et al. 2012) | 4 cases 27–32 years old All Female | Sjogren syndrome (2 cases) SLE (1 case) SLE-like (1 case) | ANA, anti-Ro (Sjogren cases) ANA only (SLE-like case) | 1 case had a near-fatal clinical course, treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. 2 of the remaining cases had relapses of lymphadenitis. |
USA (Zuo et al. 2012) | 23Â year old Female | SLE after three months | ANA and rheumatoid factor at onset of lymphadenitis ANA, anti-Ro, anti-La, anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, anti-RNP at onset of SLE | Not stated. |
India (Patra and Bhattacharya 2013) | 30Â year old Female | SLE after 2Â years | ANA, anti-dsDNA at onset of SLE | Complete remission with immunosuppression. |
Italy (Di Lernia et al. 2013) | 42Â year old Female | Cutanerous lupus after two months | Anti-Ro, ENA at onset of cutaneous lupus | Complete remission with prednisolone and hydroxychloroquine. |
India (Patra and Bhattacharya 2014) | 30Â year old Female | SLE after two years | ANA and anti-dsDNA at onset of SLE | Complete remission with immunosuppression |