What makes cancer stem cell markers different?

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Table 3 Carrier molecules of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF, CD176)

Marker	General description/expression on normal stem cells	Expression on cancer stem cells	TF-carrying CSC marker (source)
CD34	Transmembrane protein 105-120 kDa Adhesion protein Immature hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, endothelial progenitor cells²	Leukemias, sarcomas²	AML cell line KG-1 (1)
CD44	Hyaluronan receptor, H-CAM, epican, phagocytic glycoprotein-1 80-95 kDa Adhesion protein, binds hyaluronic acid Hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells²	Cancer of colon, breast, ovary, lung, liver, stomach, etc.²	Colon cancer cell line HT29 (2), lung, breast, and liver cancer (3) Carries also Lewis Y (4)
CD45	Leucocyte common antigen (LCA) 180-240 kDa Hematopoietic stem cells (7)	Glioblastomas (5)	Acute T cell leukemia cell line Jurkat (6)
CD164	MGC-24, endolyn 80 kDa Mucin-like glycoprotein Hematopoietic progenitor cells (10)	Gastric and prostate cancer (8, 9)	Gastric cancer cell line KATO-III (8)
CD227	Mucin-1, MUC1, EMA, PEM >200 kDa Heavily glycosylated mucin MUC1-C interacts with regulatory pathways Hematopoietic progenitor cells (13)	Breast cancer (MCF7) side population (12), gastric cancer, AML (13), multiple myelomas (14)	Breast cancer (11); gastric cancer cell line KATO-III (8)
MAGP¹	Membrane glycoproteins from human melanoma cell lines 140 kDa (MAGP1), 110 kDa (MAGP2)	Highly metastatic melanoma cell lines (15)	Highly metastatic cell lines (e.g. T1C3) derived from M4Be (15)

Abbreviations: AML acute myelogenous leukemia, CSC cancer stem cell, MUC1-C cytoplasmic domain of MUC1.
¹Not identical with microfibril-associated glycoproteins, also abbreviated MAGP (16).
²References see Table 1.
,Cao et al. 2008; 2, Singh et al. Singh et al. 2001; 3, Lin et al. Lin et al. 2010a; 4, Lin et al. Lin et al. 2010b; 5, Kang and Kang Kang and Kang 2007; 6, Baba et al. Baba et al. 2007; 7, Poppema et al. Poppema et al. 1996; 8, Masuzawa et al. Masuzawa et al. 1992; 9, Havens et al. Havens et al. 2006; 10, Watt et al. Watt et al. 2000; 11, Lloyd et al. Lloyd et al. 1996; 12, Engelmann et al. Engelmann et al. 2008; 13, Fatrai et al. Fatrai et al. 2008; 14, Cloosen et al. Cloosen et al. 2006; 15, Zebda et al. Zebda et al. 1994; 16, Gibson et al. Gibson et al. 1999.