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Figure 1

From: Homology modeling and docking studies on oxidosqualene cyclases associated with primary and secondary metabolism of Centella asiatica

Figure 1

A simplified scheme of triterpenoid biosynthesis in C. asiatica. Farensyl diphosphate synthase (FPS) isomerizes isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to farensyl diphosphate (FPP), which squalene synthase (SQS) converts to squalene. Squalene epoxidase (SQE) oxidises squalene to 2,3-oxidosqualene. Oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) enzymes cyclize 2,3-oxidosqualene through cationic intermendiates (e.g. dammarenyl cation) to one or more cyclic triterpene skeletons. Other enzymes involved include α/β-amyrin synthases (α/β-AS) which can also form the lupenyl cation but further ring expansion and rearrangements are required before the deprotonation to α/β-amyrin, the precursors of the sapogenins, to generate the products.

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